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Jenis-jenis Valve dan Fungsinya

Jenis-jenis valve dan fungsinya :
 
1. Gate Valve
Gate Valve adalah valve yang paling sering dipakai pada sistem perpipaan. Fungsinya untuk dapat membuka dan menutup aliran (on-off), tetapi tidak bisa untuk mengatur besar kecil aliran (throttling). Kelebihan Gate Valve, minimnya halangan/ resistan saat valve ini telah dibuka penuh, sehingga aliran bisa
maksimal. Gate Valve telah mengontrol aliran melalui badan valve yang berbentuk pipa, dengan sebuah lempengan atau baji vertikal  yang bisa bergeser naik turun saat handel valve diputar. Valve ini telah didesain untuk dapat mengatur posisi terbuka penuh, atau tertutup penuh. Jika valve ini dalam keadaan setengah terbuka, maka akan dapat menyebabkan pengikisan pada badan valve, dan turbulensi aliran zat bisa dapat menyebabkan getaran pada baji valve sehingga dapat menghasilkan suara gemeretak.

2. Globe Valve
Globe Valve biasanya akan digunakan pada situasi dimana pengaturan besar kecil aliran (throttling) sangat diperlukan. Dengan mudah memutar handel valve, besarnya aliran zat yang telah melewati valve bisa diatur. Dudukan valve yang sejajar dengan aliran, telah membuat globe valve efisien ketika dapat mengatur besar kecilnya aliran dengan minimum erosi piringan dan dudukan. Namun demikian tahanan didalam valve cukup besar. Desain globe valve yang sedemikian rupa, telah memaksa adanya perubahan arah aliran zat didalam valve, sehingga tekanan menurun drastis dan dapat menyebabkan turbulensi di dalam valve itu sendiri. Dengan demikian, Globe Valve tidak disarankan diinstal pada sistem yang menghindari penurunan tekanan, dan sistem yang menghindari tahanan pada aliran.

3. Angle Valve  
Sama seperti globe valve, angle valve juga akan digunakan pada situasi dimana pengaturan besar kecil aliran telah diperlukan (throttling). Namun angle valve telah di buat dengan sudut 90°, hal ini untuk dapat mengurangi pemakaian elbow 90° dan fitting tambahan.
 
4. Check Valve
Check Valve telah memiliki perbedaan yang sangat signifikan dari Gate Valve dan Globe Valve. Valve ini telah di disain untuk dapat mencegah aliran balik. Ada beberapa jenis check valve, tapi ada 2 jenis yang paling umum yaitu Swing Check dan Lift Check. Swing Check Valve biasanya telah dipasangkan dengan Gate Valve, sedangkan Lift Check Valve oleh beberapa pabrikan digunakan untuk dapat menggantikan fungsi Ball Valve sebagai Ball Check Valve. Check Valve tidak menggunakan handel untuk dapat mengatur aliran, tapi dengan menggunakan gravitasi dan tekanan dari aliran fluida itu sendiri. Karena fungsinya yang juga dapat mencegah aliran balik (backflow). Check Valve juga sering digunakan sebagai pengaman dari sebuah equipment dalam sistem perpipaan.
 
5. Ball Valve
Ball Valve adalah alternatif murah dari jenis valve-valve yang lain. Ball valve dengan menggunakan bola logam yang tengahnya ada lubang tembus, diapit oleh dudukan valve untuk dapat mengontrol aliran. Sering dipakai pada proses hydrocarbon, ball valve mampu untuk dapat mengatur besar kecil aliran gas dan uap terutama untuk tekanan rendah. Valve ini juga dapat dengan cepat ditutup dan cukup kedap untuk menahan fluida/ zat cair. Ball valve tidak menggunakan handwheel, tetapi dengan menggunakan ankle untuk dapat membuka atau menutup valve dengan sudut 90°.
 
6. Butterfly Valve
Butterfly Valve telah memiliki bentuk yang sangat unik jika dibandingkan dengan valve-valve yang lain. Butterfly dengan menggunakan plat bundar atau wafer yang dioperasikan dengan ankel untuk posisi membuka penuh atau menutup penuh dengan sudut 90°. Wafer ini tetap berada ditengah aliran, dan dihubungkan ke ankel melalui shaft. Saat valve dalam keadaan tertutup, wafer tersebut tegak lurus dengan arah aliran, sehingga aliran terbendung, dan saat valve terbuka wafer sejajar/ segaris dengan aliran, sehingga zat dapat mengalir melalui valve. Butterfly valve telah memiliki turbulensi dan penurunan tekanan (pressure drop) yang minimal. Valve ini sangat bagus untuk pengoperasian on-off ataupun throttling, dan bagus untuk dapat mengontrol aliran zat cair atau gas dalam jumlah yang besar. Namun demikian valve ini biasanya tidak memiliki kekedapan yang bagus, dan harus digunakan pada situasi/ sistem yang memiliki tekanan rendah (low-pressure).

7. Relief Valve
Relief valve telah memiliki fungsi yang sangat berbeda dari valve-valve yang lain. Valve ini telah didisain khusus untuk dapat melepas tekanan berlebih yang ada di equipment dan sistem perpipaan. Untuk dapat mencegah kerusakan pada equipment, dan lebih penting lagi cedera pada pekerja, relief valve dapat melepas kenaikan tekanan sebelum menjadi lebih ekstrim. Relief valve menggunakan pegas baja, yang secara otomatis akan terbuka jika tekanan mencapai level yang tidak aman. Level tekanan pada valve ini bisa diatur, sehingga bisa ditentukan pada level tekanan berapa valve ini akan terbuka. Ketika tekanan kembali normal, relief valve secara otomatis akan tertutup kembali.

Editor : Dian Sukmawati

GREENWICH, Conn. — Mago is in the bedroom. You can go in.

The big man lies on a hospital bed with his bare feet scraping its bottom rail. His head is propped on a scarlet pillow, the left temple dented, the right side paralyzed. His dark hair is kept just long enough to conceal the scars.

The occasional sounds he makes are understood only by his wife, but he still has that punctuating left hand. In slow motion, the fingers curl and close. A thumbs-up greeting.

Hello, Mago.

This is Magomed Abdusalamov, 34, also known as the Russian Tyson, also known as Mago. He is a former heavyweight boxer who scored four knockouts and 14 technical knockouts in his first 18 professional fights. He preferred to stand between rounds. Sitting conveyed weakness.

But Mago lost his 19th fight, his big chance, at the packed Theater at Madison Square Garden in November 2013. His 19th decision, and his last.

Now here he is, in a small bedroom in a working-class neighborhood in Greenwich, in a modest house his family rents cheap from a devoted friend. The air-pressure machine for his mattress hums like an expectant crowd.

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Today is like any other day, except for those days when he is hurried in crisis to the hospital. Every three hours during the night, his slight wife, Bakanay, 28, has risen to turn his 6-foot-3 body — 210 pounds of dead weight. It has to be done. Infections of the gaping bedsore above his tailbone have nearly killed him.

Then, with the help of a young caretaker, Baka has gotten two of their daughters off to elementary school and settled down the toddler. Yes, Mago and Baka are blessed with all girls, but they had also hoped for a son someday.

They feed Mago as they clean him; it’s easier that way. For breakfast, which comes with a side of crushed antiseizure pills, he likes oatmeal with a squirt of Hershey’s chocolate syrup. But even oatmeal must be puréed and fed to him by spoon.

He opens his mouth to indicate more, the way a baby does. But his paralysis has made everything a choking hazard. His water needs a stirring of powdered food thickener, and still he chokes — eh-eh-eh — as he tries to cough up what will not go down.

Mago used to drink only water. No alcohol. Not even soda. A sip of juice would be as far as he dared. Now even water betrays him.

With the caretaker’s help, Baka uses a washcloth and soap to clean his body and shampoo his hair. How handsome still, she has thought. Sometimes, in the night, she leaves the bedroom to watch old videos, just to hear again his voice in the fullness of life. She cries, wipes her eyes and returns, feigning happiness. Mago must never see her sad.

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When Baka finishes, Mago is cleanshaven and fresh down to his trimmed and filed toenails. “I want him to look good,” she says.

Theirs was an arranged Muslim marriage in Makhachkala, in the Russian republic of Dagestan. He was 23, she was 18 and their future hinged on boxing. Sometimes they would shadowbox in love, her David to his Goliath. You are so strong, he would tell her.

His father once told him he could either be a bandit or an athlete, but if he chose banditry, “I will kill you.” This paternal advice, Mago later told The Ventura County Reporter, “made it a very easy decision for me.”

Mago won against mediocre competition, in Moscow and Hollywood, Fla., in Las Vegas and Johnstown, Pa. He was knocked down only once, and even then, it surprised more than hurt. He scored a technical knockout in the next round.

It all led up to this: the undercard at the Garden, Mike Perez vs. Magomed Abdusalamov, 10 rounds, on HBO. A win, he believed, would improve his chances of taking on the heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko, who sat in the crowd of 4,600 with his fiancée, the actress Hayden Panettiere, watching.

Wearing black-and-red trunks and a green mouth guard, Mago went to work. But in the first round, a hard forearm to his left cheek rocked him. At the bell, he returned to his corner, and this time, he sat down. “I think it’s broken,” he repeatedly said in Russian.

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Maybe at that point, somebody — the referee, the ringside doctors, his handlers — should have stopped the fight, under a guiding principle: better one punch too early than one punch too late. But the bloody trade of blows continued into the seventh, eighth, ninth, a hand and orbital bone broken, his face transforming.

Meanwhile, in the family’s apartment in Miami, Baka forced herself to watch the broadcast. She could see it in his swollen eyes. Something was off.

After the final round, Perez raised his tattooed arms in victory, and Mago wandered off in a fog. He had taken 312 punches in about 40 minutes, for a purse of $40,000.

In the locker room, doctors sutured a cut above Mago’s left eye and tested his cognitive abilities. He did not do well. The ambulance that waits in expectation at every fight was not summoned by boxing officials.

Blood was pooling in Mago’s cranial cavity as he left the Garden. He vomited on the pavement while his handlers flagged a taxi to St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital. There, doctors induced a coma and removed part of his skull to drain fluids and ease the swelling.

Then came the stroke.

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It is lunchtime now, and the aroma of puréed beef and potatoes lingers. So do the questions.

How will Mago and Baka pay the $2 million in medical bills they owe? What if their friend can no longer offer them this home? Will they win their lawsuits against the five ringside doctors, the referee, and a New York State boxing inspector? What about Mago’s future care?

Most of all: Is this it?

A napkin rests on Mago’s chest. As another spoonful of mush approaches, he opens his mouth, half-swallows, chokes, and coughs until it clears. Eh-eh-eh. Sometimes he turns bluish, but Baka never shows fear. Always happy for Mago.

Some days he is wheeled out for physical therapy or speech therapy. Today, two massage therapists come to knead his half-limp body like a pair of skilled corner men.

Soon, Mago will doze. Then his three daughters, ages 2, 6 and 9, will descend upon him to talk of their day. Not long ago, the oldest lugged his championship belt to school for a proud show-and-tell moment. Her classmates were amazed at the weight of it.

Then, tonight, there will be more puréed food and pulverized medication, more coughing, and more tender care from his wife, before sleep comes.

Goodbye, Mago.

He half-smiles, raises his one good hand, and forms a fist.