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TERAPI AKUPUNTUR UNTUK VERTIGO
Pusing tujuh keliling (vertigo) merupakan suatu gejala yang sering menyertai gangguan alat keseimbangan dalam telinga tengah, pada kasus ringan, gejala pusing tujuh keliling dapat hilang atau mereda dengan menutup mata, tetapi pada kasus berat gejala pusing tujuh keliling sedemikian hebat sehingga seolah-olah seperti mabuk perjalanan disertai rasa mual, muntah dan keringat dingin.
Gejala pusing tujuh keliling dapat merupakan gejala dari hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi) pengerasan pembuluh nadi (arteriosclerosis) neurosis atau gangguan telinga.
ETIOLOGI DAN PATOGENESIS DALAM AKUPUNTUR
a. EKSES YANG LIVER
Liver atau hati yang berunsur kayu dan angin memiliki ciri bergerak dan naik keatas. Kecemasan, depresi dan marah dapat merusak Yin hati sehingga Yang hati ekses.
Pusing tujuh keliling terjadi apabila Yang hati bergerak seperti angin yang naik menyerang otak. Atau biasanya defisiensi air ginjal menyebabkan kegagalan untuk member Qi ke Hati.
Pusing tujuh keliling terjadi karena Hati kekurangan energy sehingga menimbulkan ekses Yang Hati, kadang terjadi defisiensi pada bagian bawah tubuh dan ekses pada bagian atas tubuh bersamaan.
b.
DEFISIENSI QI DAN DARAH
Jantung dan Limpa dapat rusak oleh kerja yang berlebihan, kurang istirahat atau kelemahan tubuh setelah sakit berat, Limpa yang rusak gagal membentuk Qi dan darah sehingga terjadi defisiensi Qi dan darah. Pada defisiensi Qi dan darah di daerah otak akan menimbulkan pusing tujuh keliling.
c. SUMBATAN RIAK LEMBAB DARI DALAM
Pada riak lembab yang berlebihan, makan yang tidak teratur dan kerja terlampau keras dapat mengganggu lambung dan Limpa, sehingga fungsi transportasi dan transformasi terganggu. Akibat gangguan tersebut terjadi pembentukan riak lembab, riak dan Qi dapat menggangu naiknya Yang dan turunnya Yin sehingga menimbulkan pusing tujuh keliling.
PENGGOLONGAN
a. Ekses Yang Hati
Gejala Utama :
· Pusing tujuh keliling yang meningkat pada keadaan marah serta mudah tersinggung
· Muka merah, mata merah
· Telingan berdenging
· Rasa pahit dimulut
· Gangguan mimpi
· Lidah merah dan selaput lidah kuning
· Denyut nadi tegang dan cepat
ANALISA
· Marah merusak Yin Hati menyebabkan ekese Yang Hati yang menimbulkan api
· Api yang membumbung ke atas membuat muka merah, mata merah dan mudah tersinggung
· Semangat yand disimpan di Hati terganggu sehingga terjadi gangguan mimpi
· Lidah merah dengan selaput lidah kuning, rasa pahit dimulut, denyut nadi tegang dan cepat merupakan tanda defisiensi Yin akibat ekses Api.
b. DEFISIENSI QI DAN DARAH
Gejala Utama :
· Pusing tujuh keliling diikuti oleh pucat, lelah dan lesu, berdebar-debar, sulit tidur, bibir dan kuku pucat, malas, lebih pucat serta nadi lemah dan kecil.
· Pusing tujuh keliling terjadi setelah penyakit berat atau banyak kehilangan darah dan semakin nyata setelah kerja berat.
· Pada kasus berat kadang terjadi hilang kesadaran.
ANALISA :
· Pusing tujuh keliling terjadi karena gagalnya Qi dan darah sampai di kepala
· Jantung mendominasi darah dan limpa mendominasi transportasi dan transformasi untuk pembentukan Qi dan darah.
· Bila jantung dan Limpa rusak Qi dan darah kurang mencukupi sehingga warna kulit tidak bercahaya, serta kuku dan bibir rusak
· Defisiensi darah menimbulkan berdebar-debar dan sulit tidur, sedangkan defisiensi Qi menimbulkan kelesuan, malas kurang nafsu makan, yang meningkat akibat kerja berat
· Lidah pucat, nadi lemah dan kecil merupakan tanda-tanda defisiensi Qi dan darah.
c. SUMBATAN RIAK LEMBAB DARI DALAM
Gejala Utama :
· Pusing tujuh keliling dengan rasa berat kepala dan rasa tertekan didada
· Mual, riak yang berlebihan, kurang nafsu makan, mengantuk, selaput lidah putih dan lengket serta nadi yang lembut dan bergelombang.
ANALISA :
· Pusing tujuh keliling dengan rasa berat dikepala merupakan gejala gangguan Yang sejati oleh riak lembab.
· Rasa tertekan didada dan mual disebabkan oleh obstruksi daerah Qiao tengah.
· Kurang nafsu makan dan mengantuk disebabkan oleh defisiensi Yang Limpa
· Selaput lidah yang putih dan lengket serta nadi lembut dna bergelombang merupakan tanda peningkatan riak lembab.
a. Dipilih titik pada meridian Hati dan Ginjal untuk meningkatkan Ying dan menenangkan Yang
b. Tusukan tonifikasi dan sedasi dipilih sesuai dengan kondisi penyakit
c. Biasanya dipilih titik-titik
1. GB 20 Fengchi (fungce)
2. BL 18 Ganshu
3. KI 3 Taixi
4. BL 23 Shenshu
5. LR 2 Xingjian
Penjelasan :
· Tusukan tonifikasi dilakukan pada : BL 23 Shensu dan KI 3 Taixi untuk menambah air ginjal
· Tusukan sedasi dilakukan pada : BL 18, LR 2 dan GB 20 untuk menenangkan Yang Hati.
b. DEFISIENSI QI DAN DARAH
· Dipilih titik meridian REN, Kandung kemih dan lambung dengan cara tonifikasi (kadang dimoksa) untuk menambah Qi dan darah.
Titik yang dipilih adalah :
GV20, BL20, CV4, ST36 dan SP6
Penjelasan:
· Moksibusi pada GV20 mengakibatkan naiknya Qi dan darah ke kepala sehingga menurunkan pusing
· CV4 digunakan untuk memperkuat Qi primer dan BL20 SP6 untuk memperkuat Limpa dan Lambung untuk membentuk Qi darah
c. RETENSI RIAK LEMBAB DARI DALAM
Pemilihan titik Asosiasi (Su-belakang) dan titik Waspada (Alarm, Mu depan) dari Limpa dan Lambung merupakan upaya untuk menghilangkan lender dan menurunkan lembab.
Titik yang dipilih :
1. ST 8 Touwei
2. BL 20 Pishu
3. CV 12 Zhongwan
4. PC 6 Neiguan
5. BL 40 Fenglong
Penjelasan :
· BL 20 Pishu dan CV12 Zhongwan untuk memperkuat Limpa dan lambung sehingga menurunkan riak lembab
· ST40 Fenglong merupakan titik Luo meridian lambung sehingga Qi menurun dan menghilangkan riak
· ST8 Touwei sebagai terapi simptomatik pusing tujuh keliling
· PC6 neiquan untuk merelaksasikan dada, mengatur Qi serta menyelaraskan Qi lambung untuk menghilangkan mual
THE WRITERS ASHLEY AND JAQUAVIS COLEMAN know the value of a good curtain-raiser. The couple have co-authored dozens of novels, and they like to start them with a bang: a headlong action sequence, a blast of violence or sex that rocks readers back on their heels. But the Colemans concede they would be hard-pressed to dream up anything more gripping than their own real-life opening scene.
In the summer of 2001, JaQuavis Coleman was a 16-year-old foster child in Flint, Mich., the former auto-manufacturing mecca that had devolved, in the wake of General Motors’ plant closures, into one of the country’s most dangerous cities, with a decimated economy and a violent crime rate more than three times the national average. When JaQuavis was 8, social services had removed him from his mother’s home. He spent years bouncing between foster families. At 16, JaQuavis was also a businessman: a crack dealer with a network of street-corner peddlers in his employ.
One day that summer, JaQuavis met a fellow dealer in a parking lot on Flint’s west side. He was there to make a bulk sale of a quarter-brick, or “nine-piece” — a nine-ounce parcel of cocaine, with a street value of about $11,000. In the middle of the transaction, JaQuavis heard the telltale chirp of a walkie-talkie. His customer, he now realized, was an undercover policeman. JaQuavis jumped into his car and spun out onto the road, with two unmarked police cars in pursuit. He didn’t want to get into a high-speed chase, so he whipped his car into a church parking lot and made a run for it, darting into an alleyway behind a row of small houses, where he tossed the quarter-brick into some bushes. When JaQuavis reached the small residential street on the other side of the houses, he was greeted by the police, who handcuffed him and went to search behind the houses where, they told him, they were certain he had ditched the drugs. JaQuavis had been dealing since he was 12, had amassed more than $100,000 and had never been arrested. Now, he thought: It’s over.
But when the police looked in the bushes, they couldn’t find any cocaine. They interrogated JaQuavis, who denied having ever possessed or sold drugs. They combed the backyard alley some more. After an hour of fruitless efforts, the police were forced to unlock the handcuffs and release their suspect.
JaQuavis was baffled by the turn of events until the next day, when he received a phone call. The previous afternoon, a 15-year-old girl had been sitting in her home on the west side of Flint when she heard sirens. She looked out of the window of her bedroom, and watched a young man throw a package in the bushes behind her house. She recognized him. He was a high school classmate — a handsome, charismatic boy whom she had admired from afar. The girl crept outside and grabbed the bundle, which she hid in her basement. “I have something that belongs to you,” Ashley Snell told JaQuavis Coleman when she reached him by phone. “You wanna come over here and pick it up?”
In the Colemans’ first novel, “Dirty Money” (2005), they told a version of this story. The outline was the same: the drug deal gone bad, the dope chucked in the bushes, the fateful phone call. To the extent that the authors took poetic license, it was to tone down the meet-cute improbability of the true-life events. In “Dirty Money,” the girl, Anari, and the crack dealer, Maurice, circle each other warily for a year or so before coupling up. But the facts of Ashley and JaQuavis’s romance outstripped pulp fiction. They fell in love more or less at first sight, moved into their own apartment while still in high school and were married in 2008. “We were together from the day we met,” Ashley says. “I don’t think we’ve spent more than a week apart in total over the past 14 years.”
That partnership turned out to be creative and entrepreneurial as well as romantic. Over the past decade, the Colemans have published nearly 50 books, sometimes as solo writers, sometimes under pseudonyms, but usually as collaborators with a byline that has become a trusted brand: “Ashley & JaQuavis.” They are marquee stars of urban fiction, or street lit, a genre whose inner-city settings and lurid mix of crime, sex and sensationalism have earned it comparisons to gangsta rap. The emergence of street lit is one of the big stories in recent American publishing, a juggernaut that has generated huge sales by catering to a readership — young, black and, for the most part, female — that historically has been ill-served by the book business. But the genre is also widely maligned. Street lit is subject to a kind of triple snobbery: scorned by literati who look down on genre fiction generally, ignored by a white publishing establishment that remains largely indifferent to black books and disparaged by African-American intellectuals for poor writing, coarse values and trafficking in racial stereotypes.
But if a certain kind of cultural prestige is shut off to the Colemans, they have reaped other rewards. They’ve built a large and loyal fan base, which gobbles up the new Ashley & JaQuavis titles that arrive every few months. Many of those books are sold at street-corner stands and other off-the-grid venues in African-American neighborhoods, a literary gray market that doesn’t register a blip on best-seller tallies. Yet the Colemans’ most popular series now regularly crack the trade fiction best-seller lists of The New York Times and Publishers Weekly. For years, the pair had no literary agent; they sold hundreds of thousands of books without banking a penny in royalties. Still, they have earned millions of dollars, almost exclusively from cash-for-manuscript deals negotiated directly with independent publishing houses. In short, though little known outside of the world of urban fiction, the Colemans are one of America’s most successful literary couples, a distinction they’ve achieved, they insist, because of their work’s gritty authenticity and their devotion to a primal literary virtue: the power of the ripping yarn.
“When you read our books, you’re gonna realize: ‘Ashley & JaQuavis are storytellers,’ ” says Ashley. “Our tales will get your heart pounding.”
THE COLEMANS’ HOME BASE — the cottage from which they operate their cottage industry — is a spacious four-bedroom house in a genteel suburb about 35 miles north of downtown Detroit. The house is plush, but when I visited this past winter, it was sparsely appointed. The couple had just recently moved in, and had only had time to fully furnish the bedroom of their 4-year-old son, Quaye.
In conversation, Ashley and JaQuavis exude both modesty and bravado: gratitude for their good fortune and bootstrappers’ pride in having made their own luck. They talk a lot about their time in the trenches, the years they spent as a drug dealer and “ride-or-die girl” tandem. In Flint they learned to “grind hard.” Writing, they say, is merely a more elevated kind of grind.
“Instead of hitting the block like we used to, we hit the laptops,” says Ashley. “I know what every word is worth. So while I’m writing, I’m like: ‘Okay, there’s a hundred dollars. There’s a thousand dollars. There’s five thousand dollars.’ ”
They maintain a rigorous regimen. They each try to write 5,000 words per day, five days a week. The writers stagger their shifts: JaQuavis goes to bed at 7 p.m. and wakes up early, around 3 or 4 in the morning, to work while his wife and child sleep. Ashley writes during the day, often in libraries or at Starbucks.
They divide the labor in other ways. Chapters are divvied up more or less equally, with tasks assigned according to individual strengths. (JaQuavis typically handles character development. Ashley loves writing murder scenes.) The results are stitched together, with no editorial interference from one author in the other’s text. The real work, they contend, is the brainstorming. The Colemans spend weeks mapping out their plot-driven books — long conversations that turn into elaborate diagrams on dry-erase boards. “JaQuavis and I are so close, it makes the process real easy,” says Ashley. “Sometimes when I’m thinking of something, a plot point, he’ll say it out loud, and I’m like: ‘Wait — did I say that?’ ”
Their collaboration developed by accident, and on the fly. Both were bookish teenagers. Ashley read lots of Judy Blume and John Grisham; JaQuavis liked Shakespeare, Richard Wright and “Atlas Shrugged.” (Their first official date was at a Borders bookstore, where Ashley bought “The Coldest Winter Ever,” the Sister Souljah novel often credited with kick-starting the contemporary street-lit movement.) In 2003, Ashley, then 17, was forced to terminate an ectopic pregnancy. She was bedridden for three weeks, and to provide distraction and boost her spirits, JaQuavis challenged his girlfriend to a writing contest. “She just wasn’t talking. She was laying in bed. I said, ‘You know what? I bet you I could write a better book than you.’ My wife is real competitive. So I said, ‘Yo, all right, $500 bet.’ And I saw her eyes spark, like, ‘What?! You can’t write no better book than me!’ So I wrote about three chapters. She wrote about three chapters. Two days later, we switched.”
The result, hammered out in a few days, would become “Dirty Money.” Two years later, when Ashley and JaQuavis were students at Ferris State University in Western Michigan, they sold the manuscript to Urban Books, a street-lit imprint founded by the best-selling author Carl Weber. At the time, JaQuavis was still making his living selling drugs. When Ashley got the phone call informing her that their book had been bought, she assumed they’d hit it big, and flushed more than $10,000 worth of cocaine down the toilet. Their advance was a mere $4,000.
Those advances would soon increase, eventually reaching five and six figures. The Colemans built their career, JaQuavis says, in a manner that made sense to him as a veteran dope peddler: by flooding the street with product. From the start, they were prolific, churning out books at a rate of four or five a year. Their novels made their way into stores; the now-defunct chain Waldenbooks, which had stores in urban areas typically bypassed by booksellers, was a major engine of the street-lit market. But Ashley and JaQuavis took advantage of distribution channels established by pioneering urban fiction authors such as Teri Woods and Vickie Stringer, and a network of street-corner tables, magazine stands, corner shops and bodegas. Like rappers who establish their bona fides with gray-market mixtapes, street-lit authors use this system to circumnavigate industry gatekeepers, bringing their work straight to the genre’s core readership. But urban fiction has other aficionados, in less likely places. “Our books are so popular in the prison system,” JaQuavis says. “We’re banned in certain penitentiaries. Inmates fight over the books — there are incidents, you know? I have loved ones in jail, and they’re like: ‘Yo, your books can’t come in here. It’s against the rules.’ ”
The appeal of the Colemans’ work is not hard to fathom. The books are formulaic and taut; they deliver the expected goods efficiently and exuberantly. The titles telegraph the contents: “Diary of a Street Diva,” “Kiss Kiss, Bang Bang,” “Murderville.” The novels serve up a stream of explicit sex and violence in a slangy, tangy, profane voice. In Ashley & JaQuavis’s books people don’t get killed: they get “popped,” “laid out,” get their “cap twisted back.” The smut is constant, with emphasis on the earthy, sticky, olfactory particulars. Romance novel clichés — shuddering orgasms, heroic carnal feats, superlative sexual skill sets — are rendered in the Colemans’ punchy patois.
Subtlety, in other words, isn’t Ashley & JaQuavis’s forte. But their books do have a grainy specificity. In “The Cartel” (2008), the first novel in the Colemans’ best-selling saga of a Miami drug syndicate, they catch the sights and smells of a crack workshop in a housing project: the nostril-stinging scent of cocaine and baking soda bubbling on stovetops; the teams of women, stripped naked except for hospital masks so they can’t pilfer the merchandise, “cutting up the cooked coke on the round wood table.” The subject matter is dark, but the Colemans’ tone is not quite noir. Even in the grimmest scenes, the mood is high-spirited, with the writers palpably relishing the lewd and gory details: the bodies writhing in boudoirs and crumpling under volleys of bullets, the geysers of blood and other bodily fluids.
The luridness of street lit has made it a flashpoint, inciting controversy reminiscent of the hip-hop culture wars of the 1980s and ’90s. But the street-lit debate touches deeper historical roots, reviving decades-old arguments in black literary circles about the mandate to uplift the race and present wholesome images of African-Americans. In 1928, W. E. B. Du Bois slammed the “licentiousness” of “Home to Harlem,” Claude McKay’s rollicking novel of Harlem nightlife. McKay’s book, Du Bois wrote, “for the most part nauseates me, and after the dirtier parts of its filth I feel distinctly like taking a bath.” Similar sentiments have greeted 21st-century street lit. In a 2006 New York Times Op-Ed essay, the journalist and author Nick Chiles decried “the sexualization and degradation of black fiction.” African-American bookstores, Chiles complained, are “overrun with novels that . . . appeal exclusively to our most prurient natures — as if these nasty books were pairing off back in the stockrooms like little paperback rabbits and churning out even more graphic offspring that make Ralph Ellison books cringe into a dusty corner.”
Copulating paperbacks aside, it’s clear that the street-lit debate is about more than literature, touching on questions of paternalism versus populism, and on middle-class anxieties about the black underclass. “It’s part and parcel of black elites’ efforts to define not only a literary tradition, but a racial politics,” said Kinohi Nishikawa, an assistant professor of English and African-American Studies at Princeton University. “There has always been a sense that because African-Americans’ opportunities to represent themselves are so limited in the first place, any hint of criminality or salaciousness would necessarily be a knock on the entire racial politics. One of the pressing debates about African-American literature today is: If we can’t include writers like Ashley & JaQuavis, to what extent is the foundation of our thinking about black literature faulty? Is it just a literature for elites? Or can it be inclusive, bringing urban fiction under the purview of our umbrella term ‘African-American literature’?”
Defenders of street lit note that the genre has a pedigree: a tradition of black pulp fiction that stretches from Chester Himes, the midcentury author of hardboiled Harlem detective stories, to the 1960s and ’70s “ghetto fiction” of Iceberg Slim and Donald Goines, to the current wave of urban fiction authors. Others argue for street lit as a social good, noting that it attracts a large audience that might otherwise never read at all. Scholars like Nishikawa link street lit to recent studies showing increased reading among African-Americans. A 2014 Pew Research Center report found that a greater percentage of black Americans are book readers than whites or Latinos.
For their part, the Colemans place their work in the broader black literary tradition. “You have Maya Angelou, Alice Walker, James Baldwin — all of these traditional black writers, who wrote about the struggles of racism, injustice, inequality,” says Ashley. “We’re writing about the struggle as it happens now. It’s just a different struggle. I’m telling my story. I’m telling the struggle of a black girl from Flint, Michigan, who grew up on welfare.”
Perhaps there is a high-minded case to be made for street lit. But the virtues of Ashley & JaQuavis’s work are more basic. Their novels do lack literary polish. The writing is not graceful; there are passages of clunky exposition and sex scenes that induce guffaws and eye rolls. But the pleasure quotient is high. The books flaunt a garish brand of feminism, with women characters cast not just as vixens, but also as gangsters — cold-blooded killers, “murder mamas.” The stories are exceptionally well-plotted. “The Cartel” opens by introducing its hero, the crime boss Carter Diamond; on page 9, a gunshot spatters Diamond’s brain across the interior of a police cruiser. The book then flashes back seven years and begins to hurtle forward again — a bullet train, whizzing readers through shifting alliances, romantic entanglements and betrayals, kidnappings, shootouts with Haitian and Dominican gangsters, and a cliffhanger closing scene that leaves the novel’s heroine tied to a chair in a basement, gruesomely tortured to the edge of death. Ashley & JaQuavis’s books are not Ralph Ellison, certainly, but they build up quite a head of steam. They move.
The Colemans are moving themselves these days. They recently signed a deal with St. Martin’s Press, which will bring out the next installment in the “Cartel” series as well as new solo series by both writers. The St. Martin’s deal is both lucrative and legitimizing — a validation of Ashley and JaQuavis’s work by one of publishing’s most venerable houses. The Colemans’ ambitions have grown, as well. A recent trilogy, “Murderville,” tackles human trafficking and the blood-diamond industry in West Africa, with storylines that sweep from Sierra Leone to Mexico to Los Angeles. Increasingly, Ashley & JaQuavis are leaning on research — traveling to far-flung settings and hitting the books in the libraries — and spending less time mining their own rough-and-tumble past.
But Flint remains a source of inspiration. One evening not long ago, JaQuavis led me on a tour of his hometown: a popular roadside bar; the parking lot where he met the undercover cop for the ill-fated drug deal; Ashley’s old house, the site of his almost-arrest. He took me to a ramshackle vehicle repair shop on Flint’s west side, where he worked as a kid, washing cars. He showed me a bathroom at the rear of the garage, where, at age 12, he sneaked away to inspect the first “boulder” of crack that he ever sold. A spray-painted sign on the garage wall, which JaQuavis remembered from his time at the car wash, offered words of warning:
WHAT EVERY YOUNG MAN SHOULD KNOW
ABOUT USING A GUN:
MURDER . . . 30 Years
ARMED ROBBERY . . . 15 Years
ASSAULT . . . 15 Years
RAPE . . . 20 Years
POSSESSION . . . 5 Years
JACKING . . . 20 YEARS
“We still love Flint, Michigan,” JaQuavis says. “It’s so seedy, so treacherous. But there’s some heart in this city. This is where it all started, selling books out the box. In the days when we would get those little $40,000 advances, they’d send us a couple boxes of books for free. We would hit the streets to sell our books, right out of the car trunk. It was a hustle. It still is.”
One old neighborhood asset that the Colemans have not shaken off is swagger. “My wife is the best female writer in the game,” JaQuavis told me. “I believe I’m the best male writer in the game. I’m sleeping next to the best writer in the world. And she’s doing the same.”