Haji adalah ibadah wajib bagi umat Islam yang mampu melaksanakannya, baik mampu secara fisik,mental, maupun finansial.
Menurut para ulama, kewajiban menunaikan ibadah haji dan umrah diterima oleh Rasulullah SAW pada tahun 6 Hijriah/628 Masehi. Untuk menjalankan perintah Allah SWT tersebut, pada tanggai 6 Dzulqa’dah tahun 6 Hijriah, Rasulullah SAW bersama 1.500 pengikutnya bertolak menuju Makkah untuk melaksanakan umrah.
Namun, di tengah perjalanan tepatnya di daerah Hudaibiyah yang berjarak sekitar sembilan mil dari Makkah, mereka dicegat oleh orang- orang kafir. Menghindari pertumpahan darah, kaum muslimin bersedia melakukan perundingan dengan orang-orang kafir.
Dalam perundingan itu, sebuah kesepakatan yang kemudian dikenal dengan Perjanjian Hudaibiyah diteken oleh kedua belah pihak. Salah satu butir dalam isi perjanjian tersebut adalah bahwa kaum muslim tidak diperkenankan melaksanakan ibadah haji tahun itu. Mereka baru diizinkan pada tahun berikutnya, itu pun hanya dalam waktu tiga hari.
Sebelum Rasulullah SAW melakukan ibadah haji, konon beliau sudah pernah melakukan umrah sebanyak empat kali. Demikian diriwayatkan dari Aisyah, Ibnu Umar, dan Anas bin Malik. Umrah pertama dilakukan pada tahun 6 Hijriah/628 Masehi atau dikenal dengan umrah Hudaibiyah.
Umrah kedua dilakukan pada tahun berikutnya, umrah ketiga pada bulan Dzulqa’dah tahun yang sama, dan umrah keempat ketika beliau mengerjakan ibadah haji.
Selain riwayat dari tiga tokoh di atas, ada banyak informasi lain tentang berapa kali Rasulullah SAW menunaikan ibadah. Namun dari berbagai informasi tersebut, pendapat paling sahih menyatakan bahwa Nabi hanya melakukan umrah sebanyak tiga kali.
Umrah pertama dilaksanakan pada tahun 7 Hijriah/629 Masehi, umrah kedua dilakukan pada tahun 8 Hijriah/630 Masehi dan dikenal dengan umrah Dzulqa’dah atau umrah Ji’ranah, dan umrah ketiga terjadi pada tahun 10 Hijriah/632 Masehi, yaitu ketika Nabi mengerjakan Haji Wada’.
Manasik haji yang dikenalkan oleh Rasulullah SAW adalah penyempurna dari manasik haji para nabi sebelumnya, termasuk manasik haji Nabi Ibrahim AS.
Manasik haji yang dikenalkan oleh Rasulullah SAW dapat diuraikan dalam urutan, yaitu: ihram; thawaf; shalat dua rakaat di Maqam Ibrahim; sa’i (berlari-lari kecil) antara bukit Shafa dan Marwah; wukuf di Padang Arafah; bermalam di Muzdalifah; melempar Jumrah Aqabah; menyembelih binatang kurban; melaksanakan thawaf ifadhah; tahallul atau bercukur; mabit atau menginap di Mina; melempar tiga jumrah pada Hari Tasyriq (tanggai 11, 12, dan 13 Dzulhijjah); dan melakukan tawaf wada’ atau tawaf perpisahan.
Sewaktu mengerjakan Haji Wada’ atau haji terakhir, Rasulullah SAW berpesan agar umat Islam mengikuti manasik atau tata cara haji yang beliau contohkan. Manasik haji tidak boleh dimodifikasi sebab ditetapkan secara langsung melalui wahyu Allah SWT.
Demikianlah ritual haji yang disyariatkan kepada Nabi Adam AS, Nabi Ibrahim AS, hingga Nabi Muhammad SAW. Setiap ritual haji yang diturunkan kepada nabi-nabi tersebut mengalami penyempurnaan dan pembersihan dari segala macam pencemaran.
Sumber : http://www.jurnalhaji.com
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CARA NABI MUHAMMAD SAW MELAKSANAKAN MANASIK HAJI
Hockey is not exactly known as a city game, but played on roller skates, it once held sway as the sport of choice in many New York neighborhoods.
“City kids had no rinks, no ice, but they would do anything to play hockey,” said Edward Moffett, former director of the Long Island City Y.M.C.A. Roller Hockey League, in Queens, whose games were played in city playgrounds going back to the 1940s.
From the 1960s through the 1980s, the league had more than 60 teams, he said. Players included the Mullen brothers of Hell’s Kitchen and Dan Dorion of Astoria, Queens, who would later play on ice for the National Hockey League.
One street legend from the heyday of New York roller hockey was Craig Allen, who lived in the Woodside Houses projects and became one of the city’s hardest hitters and top scorers.
“Craig was a warrior, one of the best roller hockey players in the city in the ’70s,” said Dave Garmendia, 60, a retired New York police officer who grew up playing with Mr. Allen. “His teammates loved him and his opponents feared him.”
Young Craig took up hockey on the streets of Queens in the 1960s, playing pickup games between sewer covers, wearing steel-wheeled skates clamped onto school shoes and using a roll of electrical tape as the puck.
His skill and ferocity drew attention, Mr. Garmendia said, but so did his skin color. He was black, in a sport made up almost entirely by white players.
“Roller hockey was a white kid’s game, plain and simple, but Craig broke the color barrier,” Mr. Garmendia said. “We used to say Craig did more for race relations than the N.A.A.C.P.”
Mr. Allen went on to coach and referee roller hockey in New York before moving several years ago to South Carolina. But he continued to organize an annual alumni game at Dutch Kills Playground in Long Island City, the same site that held the local championship games.
The reunion this year was on Saturday, but Mr. Allen never made it. On April 26, just before boarding the bus to New York, he died of an asthma attack at age 61.
Word of his death spread rapidly among hundreds of his old hockey colleagues who resolved to continue with the event, now renamed the Craig Allen Memorial Roller Hockey Reunion.
The turnout on Saturday was the largest ever, with players pulling on their old equipment, choosing sides and taking once again to the rink of cracked blacktop with faded lines and circles. They wore no helmets, although one player wore a fedora.
Another, Vinnie Juliano, 77, of Long Island City, wore his hearing aids, along with his 50-year-old taped-up quads, or four-wheeled skates with a leather boot. Many players here never converted to in-line skates, and neither did Mr. Allen, whose photograph appeared on a poster hanging behind the players’ bench.
“I’m seeing people walking by wondering why all these rusty, grizzly old guys are here playing hockey,” one player, Tommy Dominguez, said. “We’re here for Craig, and let me tell you, these old guys still play hard.”
Everyone seemed to have a Craig Allen story, from his earliest teams at Public School 151 to the Bryant Rangers, the Woodside Wings, the Woodside Blues and more.
Mr. Allen, who became a yellow-cab driver, was always recruiting new talent. He gained the nickname Cabby for his habit of stopping at playgrounds all over the city to scout players.
Teams were organized around neighborhoods and churches, and often sponsored by local bars. Mr. Allen, for one, played for bars, including Garry Owen’s and on the Fiddler’s Green Jokers team in Inwood, Manhattan.
Play was tough and fights were frequent.
“We were basically street gangs on skates,” said Steve Rogg, 56, a mail clerk who grew up in Jackson Heights, Queens, and who on Saturday wore his Riedell Classic quads from 1972. “If another team caught up with you the night before a game, they tossed you a beating so you couldn’t play the next day.”
Mr. Garmendia said Mr. Allen’s skin color provoked many fights.
“When we’d go to some ignorant neighborhoods, a lot of players would use slurs,” Mr. Garmendia said, recalling a game in Ozone Park, Queens, where local fans parked motorcycles in a lineup next to the blacktop and taunted Mr. Allen. Mr. Garmendia said he checked a player into the motorcycles, “and the bikes went down like dominoes, which started a serious brawl.”
A group of fans at a game in Brooklyn once stuck a pole through the rink fence as Mr. Allen skated by and broke his jaw, Mr. Garmendia said, adding that carloads of reinforcements soon arrived to defend Mr. Allen.
And at another racially incited brawl, the police responded with six patrol cars and a helicopter.
Before play began on Saturday, the players gathered at center rink to honor Mr. Allen. Billy Barnwell, 59, of Woodside, recalled once how an all-white, all-star squad snubbed Mr. Allen by playing him third string. He scored seven goals in the first game and made first string immediately.
“He’d always hear racial stuff before the game, and I’d ask him, ‘How do you put up with that?’” Mr. Barnwell recalled. “Craig would say, ‘We’ll take care of it,’ and by the end of the game, he’d win guys over. They’d say, ‘This guy’s good.’”
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